Despite their diversity and ecological importance, many areas of the SAR—Stramenopila, Alveolata, and Rhizaria—clade are poorly understood as the majority (90%) of SAR species lack molecular data and only 5% of species are from well‐sampled families. Here, we review and summarize the state of knowledge about the three major clades of SAR, describing the diversity within each clade and identifying synapomorphies when possible. We also assess the “dark area” of SAR: the morphologically described species that are missing molecular data. The (...) majority of molecular data for SAR lineages are characterized from marine samples and vertebrate hosts, highlighting the need for additional research effort in areas such as freshwater and terrestrial habitats and “non‐vertebrate” hosts. We also describe the paucity of data on the biogeography of SAR species, and point to opportunities to illuminate diversity in this major eukaryotic clade. (shrink)

El presente artículo reflexiona sobre los escenarios de posibilidad que existen en las aulas y en la enseñanza de la historia y las ciencias sociales desde dos perspectivas. Se cuestiona, desde la perspectiva de la investigación de Marolla (2016), el contenido de los discursos del profesorado chileno sobre la inclusión y la enseñanza de la historia. Los discursos se contrastan con investigaciones realizadas sobre el contenido de las fuentes judiciales de la ciudad de Concepción y los roles de las mujeres. (...) Se reflexiona en torno a los espacios y las herramientas que existen desde la didáctica para generar innovaciones y transformaciones a las desigualdades que existen por razones de género. El contenido de los discursos ha sido analizado bajo una metodología cualitativa a través de un estudio de casos. Los archivos judiciales han sido analizados bajo una metodología cualitativa descriptiva. Lo fundamental es el poder visualizar que existen espacios y caminos para generar innovaciones didácticas. (shrink)

Objective: To identify factors that predict physicians’ intent to comply with the American Medical Association’s ethical guidelines on gifts from the pharmaceutical industry.Methods: A survey was designed and mailed in June 2004 to a random sample of 850 physicians in Florida, USA, excluding physicians with inactive licences, incomplete addresses, addresses in other states and pretest participants. Factor analysis extracted six factors: attitude towards following the guidelines, subjective norms , facilitating conditions , profession-specific precedents , individual-specific precedents and intent. Multivariate regression (...) modelling was conducted.Results: Surveys were received from 213 physicians representing all specialties, with a net response rate of 25.5%. 62% of respondents were aware of the guidelines; 50% had read them. 48% thought that following the guidelines would increase physicians’ credibility and professional image; 68% agreed that it was important to do so. Intent to comply was positively associated with attitude, subjective norms, facilitators and sponsorship of continuing medical education events, while individual-specific precedents had a negative relationship with intent to comply. Predictors of intent were attitude, subjective norms, the interaction term , sponsorship of CME events and individual-specific precedents.Conclusions: Physicians are more likely to follow the AMA guidelines if they have positive attitudes towards the guidelines, greater subjective norms, fewer expectations of CME sponsorship and fewer individual-specific precedents. Physicians believing that important individuals or organisations expect them to comply with the guidelines are more likely to express intent, despite having fewer beliefs that positive outcomes would result through compliance. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Full Collection of Personal NarrativesJake Beery, Neethi Pinto, Marcia King, Laura Wachsmuth, Alisha, Katie L. Gholson, T.S. Moran, Calvin R. Gross, Joanne Alfred, Cindy Bitter, Jenna Bennett, Nadia Khan, Clarice Douille, Kristen Carey Rock, Adrienne Feller Novick, Andrea Eisenberg, Japmehr Sandhu, Katherine Bakke, Heer Hendry, Karan K. Mirpuri, and Katerina V. Liong• Being the Difference• Grieving One More Time• Echoes of Grief: Tales from an Emergency Medicine and (...) Critical Care Nurse• Searching for Peace in Death• “I’d Love to go Off the Grid and Never Come Back”• “A Mother’s Love”• Tiny Person, Big Impact• Night Shift• Cracked Armor• Who Tells the Story• Navigating Hard Situations that Medical School Cannot Prepare You For• The Wish• Break• Five More Minutes• I Saw My Reflection• The Aftermath• Where the Journey Begins• Lessons Learned in Room 208• Joint and Grief Aches• My First Loss: Carrying His Legacy• Grieving the Loss of What Medicine Was Supposed to BeCopyright © 2024 Johns Hopkins University Press... (shrink)

In late 2019, an infectious disease with a high rate of human-to-human transmission was identified in Wuhan, China, which was called Covid-19. In a short time, this disease affected several regions of the world and became a pandemic, with huge impacts on people's lives and the environment. This article aims to investigate the existing relationships between health and the environment, at the moment of confronting Covid-19 in Brazil, focusing on the socioenvironmental issues of sanitation and agglomeration and its consequences/limits for (...) prevention/care in Public Health. For the development of the research, a systematic review was carried out between May and June 2020. The article brings aspects about the industrial revolution and its relationship with life forms; the issue of sanitation, agglomeration as a reflection of geographical inequalities and their impact on combating Covid-19. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the various health measures that dialogue with environmental, social and political actions that need to be built, in the various dimensions, in order to fight socio-environmental inequalities. (shrink)

The article intends to explore the fruitful intellectual exchange between the historian of art and culture Aby Warburg and the philosopher Ernst Cassirer starting from their first meeting in 1924 and developed over ten years. The author analyses how the Cassirer’s concept of “symbolic form” and the Warburg’s conception that took shape in the Bilderatlas Mnemosyne are deeply linked to the interests of both for the origins of modern physics. The figure of Kepler as a “transitional figure between mythical and (...) mathematical thought” on which they focus on their first meeting has a central role in this reflection. The author wants to demonstrate how the analysis of the theory of symbol is inseparable from the study of the theory of myth, connected to cosmological, astrological and astronomical themes. The principles that inaugurate the scientific revolution of the modern age, present in nuce in the science of physics inaugurated by Kepler, are observed in the more mature results of Einstein's theory of relativity. A theory which played an important role both in Cassirer’s theory and in Warburg’s reflections. (shrink)

The study is an intercultural comparison of the theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned behavior (original and modified versions) to predict students’ intentions for academic cheating. The sample included university students from 7 countries: Poland, Ukraine, Romania, Turkey, Switzerland, United States, and New Zealand. Across countries, results show that attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and moral obligation predict students’ intentions to engage in academic dishonesty in the form of cheating. The extended modified version of the theory of planned (...) behavior emerged as the best explanatory model predicting intentions to cheat. Significant cross-cultural differences were found and discussed. (shrink)

The area of biomedicine is one of the fastest developing areas of science and technology. The perception of its possible and expected positive or negative impacts results in the growing number of bioethical discussions in scientific community, politics and public. Their intensity, focus and used methods differ from country to country. Th e authors of the prologue have tried to map the state of the art and expected development of bioethical discussion in the countries of Middle and Eastern Europe. In (...) the beginning, they addressed the bioethical experts with short questionnaire from 7 “new” European countries and two “old” European countries. In the end, seven experts have responded their questions and expressed their expectations and difficulties of the development of bioethical discussions and institutionalisations in their countries. The authors summarize in the prologue the most interesting results. (shrink)

L’étude du financement des films documentaires par ses deux sources principales (chaînes de télévision et cinéma) permet de mettre au jour les conditions de possibilité de l’autonomie des auteurs/réalisateurs. Elle révèle une opposition entre deux « modèles »: une logique de « flux » dans le circuit audiovisuel (la télévision), et une logique de la « rareté » dans le circuit cinématographique, que viennent compléter de nouvelles formes de soutien financier.

Individuals who deviate from social norms by committing crimes may have reduced facial emotion recognition abilities. Nevertheless, a specific category of offenders – i.e. organised crime (OC) members – is characterised by hierarchically organised social networks and a tendency to manipulate others to reach their illicit goals. Since recognising emotions is crucial to building social networks, OC members may be more skilled in recognising the facial emotion expressions of others to use this information for their criminal purposes. Evidence of a (...) difference between OC and non-organised crime (NOC) offenders in terms of facial emotion recognition is still lacking. To fill this gap in the literature, we tested 50 OC, 50 NOC offenders, and 50 non-offender controls for their ability to identify six basic emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, and surprise). All participants underwent a cognitive and psychological evaluation to avoid alternative explanations. Results show that OC members were more able to detect the expression of fear in others as compared to NOC. We interpreted this finding in light of the social context and the behavioural criminal attitude of OC members. (shrink)

La sexualité, force vitale essentielle, anime l’humain en tant qu’individu et membre d’un groupe. Depuis les soins primaires indispensables à l’éveil de la sensualité et à la construction de l’identité sexuée chez le jeune enfant jusqu’au temps des pratiques sexuelles possibles de l’adolescent, l’article scande les moments de transformation portée par les liens intersubjectifs indispensables de cette évolution, de la sexualité infantile à la sexualité génitale.

Reseña de _Los filósofos cínicos. Un modo peculiar de sabiduría antigua_, realizada por Luciano Allende Pinto, Doctor en Filosofía con mención en Estética, por la Universidad de Chile. _ _ _Los filósofos cínicos. Un modo peculiar de sabiduría antigua _Jorge Lorca Leiva 2023 Ediciones A89 E.I.R.L. Santiago 80 páginas ISBN: 978-956-9366-65-9.

This note aims to show that the text attested by the Medieval sources for Plotinus, Ennead IV, 6 (41) 2, 22-24 can be retained, notwithstanding the doubts of several scholars who tried to amend it. Retaining the manuscript tradition enables us to read in the passage three different kinds of vision of the soul : (1) the soul’s ordinary vision of itself, characterized by duality and otherness ; (2) the soul’s vision of intellect and (3) its vision of itself, when (...) she is within the intelligible : both these visions are characterized by the unified duality of the subject and the object of vision. (shrink)

Sandra Laugier has long been a key liaison between American and European philosophical thought, responsible for bringing American philosophers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Stanley Cavell to French readers—but until now her books have never been published in English. _Why We Need Ordinary Language Philosophy_ rights that wrong with a topic perfect for English-language readers: the idea of analytic philosophy. Focused on clarity and logical argument, analytic philosophy has dominated the discipline in the United States, Australia, (...) and Britain over the past one hundred years, and it is often seen as a unified, coherent, and inevitable advancement. Laugier questions this assumption, rethinking the very grounds that drove analytic philosophy to develop and uncovering its inherent tensions and confusions. Drawing on J. L. Austin and the later works of Ludwig Wittgenstein, she argues for the solution provided by ordinary language philosophy—a philosophy that trusts and utilizes the everyday use of language and the clarity of meaning it provides—and in doing so offers a major contribution to the philosophy of language and twentieth- and twenty-first-century philosophy as a whole. (shrink)

Les sacrifices de poissons sont rares dans la pratique cultuelle grecque : les sources écrites ne les mentionnent que dans des cas particuliers, en dehors des sacrifices alimentaires communautaires. L’iconographie présente un cadre similaire. La mise à l’écart des poissons dans la pratique cultuelle grecque semble correspondre au régime alimentaire des populations égéennes , même si le rôle joué par la faune marine a été en partie sous-estimé jusqu’à présent. Or les découvertes paléoenvironnementales faites dans le temple B du sanctuaire (...) de Kommos ne s’accordent pas avec ce cadre d’ensemble : des restes significatifs de poissons ont été mis au jour dans ce lieu de culte; ils furent en partie consommés lors de repas rituels et en partie brûlés pour les divinités. L’hypothèse d’une origine proche-orientale de cette pratique est envisagée : elle pourrait s’expliquer par la présence dans le sanctuaire des marchands levantins qui installèrent le tripillar shrine dans le temple B. Le rôle joué par les poissons dans les cultes proche-orientaux, et notamment dans celui de la déesse Atargatis aux époques hellénistique et romaine, est mis en exergue.Fish sacrifices are rare in Greek cult practices; apart from communal sacrifices, the literary and iconographical evidence presents us with only a few special cases. This situation seems to reflect the Greek population’s diet, based on cereals, fruits, vegetables ²and bred livestock. However, to date, the importance of fish has been partly underestimated by scholars. The excavation of the Kommos sanctuary reveals a new aspect: fish remains are found in some contexts, sometimes heavily burnt as part of a ritual. We take into account the possibility that this sacrificial practice originated in the Levant and was introduced by the same Levantine traders that set up the tripillar shrine in temple B. Finally, we emphasize the importance of fish in the religious beliefs of the Near East, especially in the Hellenistic and Roman cult of Atargatis. (shrink)

Introduction à l'Entretien réalisé par Giuseppe Martini avec Paul Ricoeur, en 2003.

Estetica razionale ha rappresentato un momento cruciale del dibattito circa la natura di questa disciplina. Tornare a intendere l’estetica come teoria della percezione, anziché come filosofia dell’arte, significa occuparsi, sostanzialmente, di una triade di capacità, tra di esse fortemente connesse: non soltanto la percezione strictu sensu, ma anche la memoria e l’immaginazione – facoltà senza le quali la percezione, da sola, non offrirebbe alcuna possibilità di ragionamento. Soltanto grazie alla memoria, infatti, è possibile ritenere ciò che si è percepito, e (...) soltanto grazie all’immaginazione è possibile confrontare, distinguere e sussumere, prima ancora che inventare. Se “l’occhio ragiona a modo suo” – se l’estetica, insomma, può davvero essere un’ars analogi rationis – ciò è possibile grazie a queste tre facoltà. Gli sviluppi teorici successivi del pensiero di Ferraris potrebbero essere interpretati proprio come una lunga elaborazione del tema della memoria, sfociata dapprima nella teoria della traccia proposta in Documentalità, e successivamente nella considerazione delle sue conseguenze ontologiche, con il Nuovo Realismo. (shrink)

Come osserva Mario Ricciardi, chi si avvicina per la prima volta ai temi dell’ontologia sociale avendo compiuto studi di filosofia del diritto ha spesso un’impressione di familiarità. Tale impressione è spiegabile, senza dubbio, tenendo conto della circostanza per cui postulare l’esistenza di entità giuridiche come “la dote” o “l’eredità” non è mai un’operazione intellettualmente innocente, non significa cioè limitarsi a riconoscere realtà preesistenti, ma possiede sempre, in una certa misura...

8 March, now known as International Women’s Day, is a day for feminist claims where demonstrations are organized in over 150 countries, with the participation of millions of women all around the world. These demonstrations can be viewed as collective rituals and thus focus attention on the processes that facilitate different psychosocial effects. This work aims to explore the mechanisms involved in participation in the demonstrations of 8 March 2020, collective and ritualized feminist actions, and their correlates associated with personal (...) well-being and collective well-being, collective efficacy and collective growth, and behavioral intention to support the fight for women’s rights. To this end, a cross-cultural study was conducted with the participation of 2,854 people from countries in Latin America and Europe, with a retrospective correlational cross-sectional design and a convenience sample. Participants were divided between demonstration participants and non-demonstrators or followers who monitored participants through the media and social networks. Compared with non-demonstrators and with males, female and non-binary gender respondents had greater scores in mechanisms and criterion variables. Further random-effects model meta-analyses revealed that the perceived emotional synchrony was consistently associated with more proximal mechanisms, as well as with criterion variables. Finally, sequential moderation analyses showed that proposed mechanisms successfully mediated the effects of participation on every criterion variable. These results indicate that participation in 8M marches and demonstrations can be analyzed through the literature on collective rituals. As such, collective participation implies positive outcomes both individually and collectively, which are further reinforced through key psychological mechanisms, in line with a Durkheimian approach to collective rituals. (shrink)

La perception à travers l’imaginationDans le présent travail, je mets en relation les lectures de Wittgensteil et de Gadamer avec les manuscrits de Merleau-Ponty avec l’intention de traverser la construction du « concept de représentation » et de réfléchir sur les questions suivantes : quel lieu occupe la dimension esthétique dans l’expérience humaine? Dans l’expérience esthétique, faut-il retrouver autant le profil émotionnel que le profil cognitif? Le point de départ est que l’esthétique ne doit pas être comprise comme une simple (...) perception par les sens; ce qu’aucun discours sur l’esthétique ne peut occulter est sa nécessaire implication de l’horizon problématique de la perception, à partir de l’étymologie même du terme, dérivé du grec aisthesis.Un tel terme porte en lui autant le champ subjectif instable des sensation que le champ stable et tendanciellement structuré des discriminations perceptives.L’affirmation théorique est que l’expérience de la rencontre d’une oeuvre d’art dévoile un monde et à peine cessons-nous de voir une oeuvre d’art comme objet pour la voir comme un monde que nous nous rendons compte que l’art se révèle être l’expédient pour clarifier le sens de notre rapport perceptif avec le monde, cette syntonie perceptive entre l’essence du monde et le sentir des sujets, cette processualité expressive dans laquelle activité et passivité sont les horizons, qu’on peut certes distinguer dans la description, mais qui coopèrent à l’intérieur d’elle-même.Perception Through ImaginationIn the present work, I bring the lectures of Wittgenstein and Gadamer into contact with the manuscripts of Merleau-Ponty with the intention of going over the construction of the “concept of representation” and of reflecting on the following questions: what place does the aesthetic dimension occupy in human experience? In aesthetic experience, is just as necessary to recognize the emotional profile as the cognitive profile? The point of the departure is that aesthetics must not be understood as a simple perception by the senses. That which no discourse of aesthetics may conceal is its necessary implication of the problematic horizon of perception, following the actual etymology of the term, derived from the Greek aisthēsis.This term contains just as much the subjective and unstable field of sensation as it does the stable field of perceptual discriminations that tend to be structured. The theoretical affirmation is that the experience of the encounter with a work of art unveils a world. No sooner do we stop seeing the work of art as an object and start seeing as a world, then we realize that art reveals itself to be the expedient that clarifies the meaning of our perceptual relationship with the world, this perceptual syntony between the essence of the world and the sensing of subjects, this expressive processuality in which activity and passivity are horizons that can certainly be distinguished in description, but that cooperate internally. (shrink)

Christoph Andreas Leonhard Creuzer (1768-1844), che dedicherà la propria vita alIa carriera ecclesiastica e aIle attività benefiche, pubblica nel 1793 - ancora giovane ed entusiasta della filosofia - un'opera che suscita un certo scalpore, le Considerazioni scettiche sulla libertà del volere, sulla quale prendono posizione, polernicamente, anche Fichte e Schelling. Pur accogliendo i princlpi della filosofia critica, Creuzer sostiene che l'idea di libertà come autonornia della volontà, quale Kant l'ha definita, conduca nienterneno che alio spinozismo, ossia alia negazione dei concetti (...) di imputazione, merito e colpa. Mascherandosi dietro uno scetticismo di comodo, Creuzer mostra corne tale conclusione spinoziana, a cui Kant ha tentato inutilmente di sottrarsi, sia l'esito obbligato tanto della sua filosofia teoretica quanto di quella pratica, che pure mirava in prima istanza a salvaguardare la responsabilità morale. (shrink)

This exploratory study is focused on the perceptions of science communication practitioners about the activities of scientists and the audiences of the marine sciences outreach in Portugal. Using the qualitative method of thematic analysis and collecting data through semistructured interviews of 14 practitioners of diverse professions, backgrounds, ages, and stages of career, it was found that the role of marine scientists in this area is traditionally viewed as reduced, but with a slight improvement in the past 5 to 10 years. (...) Despite having a historical connection with and curiosity about the sea, audiences were considered to have a mostly utilitarian interest in the marine sciences. Most practitioners had a view of science communication connected to the knowledge deficit model, with a minority articulating a more dialogical model. Although there are signs of conflict between science communicators and scientists, the proliferation of training opportunities in science communication at the national level, the perceived increase of interest and participation of marine scientists in public communication in the past years, and the consolidation of science communicators as part of the scientific community offer positive prospects for the future of outreach of marine sciences in Portugal. (shrink)